Zeefmethoden voor zeefanalyse

Sieving analysis is a method for determining the particle size distribution of various bulk materials, described in a multitude of international standards. Sieve analysis is one of the most established methods in quality assurance and can be performed as either dry or wet sieving.

Manual sieving is also possible, but due to the individual influences of the operator like speed and strength, it is to be disregarded in a professional context.

Sieving analysis allows the characterization of particle size distributions of bulk materials of various shapes and sizes, enabling the determination and comparison of specific product properties such as solubility, flow behavior, and reactivity of different materials.

Sieve analysis

Sieve analyses are indispensable for production and quality control of powdery and granular bulk materials in many industries (including food, pharmaceutical, and chemical). Advantages of sieve analysis include:

  • easy handling 
  • low investment costs 
  • rapid delivery of precise and reproducible results 
  • the ability to obtain individual particle size fractions 

Therefore, this method can certainly compete with modern analytical techniques such as laser light scattering or image analysis methods.

To ensure high reproducibility and reliability, the sieve shaker and accessories must meet stringent requirements that comply with (inter)national standards. RETSCH analytical sieves and sieve shakers, as well as all other measuring equipment (e.g., balances) needed for characterizing particle size distribution, are therefore calibratable and are subject to test equipment monitoring as part of quality management systems. For comprehensive process reliability, careful sample preparation is also essential. Only in combination can sieving results be achieved that enable reliable characterization of your products.

Overview of Sieving Principles

Het monster wordt door de trillingen van de zeefbodem naar boven geworpen en valt door de zwaartekracht weer naar beneden. De amplitude geeft de verticale oscillatiehoogte van de zeefbodem aan.

Bij trilzeven wordt het monster onderworpen aan een 3-dimensionale beweging, dat wil zeggen dat een cirkelvormige beweging de verticale werpbeweging over elkaar legt. Door deze gecombineerde beweging wordt het monstermateriaal gelijkmatig over het hele zeefgebied verspreid. De deeltjes worden in verticale richting versneld, draaien vrij en vallen dan statistisch georiënteerd terug. Bij RETSCH Zeeftoestellen zet een elektromagnetische aandrijving een veer/massasysteem in beweging en brengt de oscillaties over naar de zeefstapel. De amplitude kan traploos worden aangepast tot enkele millimeters.

Different Requirements, Different Sieving Parameters

The optimal parameter settings depend on the respective material. Depending on the chosen sieve shaker, interval, speed, sieving time, amplitude, or even negative pressure may come into play. Although numerous (inter)national standards and guidelines exist for product-specific sieve analysis parameters, for some materials, suitable parameters must be determined experimentally. We are happy to assist you.

Take advantage of our offer for a free test sieving!

Horizontal sieving:
For flakes, sticks...
-> Long particles stay on the sieve

Vibratory sieving:
Lenghtwise passing of the particles through the pores.
-> Sample seems to be finer

Different sieving methods lead to different sieving results, which can be reflected in the particle size distribution. The diagrams illustrate how the horizontal sieving method and the vibratory sieving method each affect the particle size fractions. While the horizontal method achieves specific sorting through uniform movements, the vibratory sieving method utilizes 3D throwing motions for alternative separation. This results in different particle distributions, clearly shown in the diagrams.

AS 450 control: 5 min, amplitude 1mm

AS 400 control: 5 min, 170 rpm

Both times an identical sample of wood pieces was sieved

Sieving is a comparative method. Every particle that can pass through the mesh is accordingly smaller than the mesh size. Sieving usually considers the volume or mass fractions of a sample. Number (Q0), length (Q1), or area (Q2) are usually determined by optical methods (e.g., Camsizer). The problem: Camsizers only capture the measurement parameters without being able to fractionate the sample.

In most cases, the Q3 dimension (volume) is suitable as a parameter for reliable quantification of particle size distribution. This is because volume is directly proportional to mass and thus the simplest property to use to reliably determine particle size distribution with minimal effort.

Only optical instruments provide information about particle shape

  • Dependening on the falling orientation of the particles, it can be detected in different ways.
  • Sticks might be detected as spheres or coins. 

Quantification

Q0 number
Q1 length
Q2 area (surface or projection surface)
Q3 mass or volume

Comparability

Distribution of volume, surface and number, e.g. of cubes which have the same total volume.

Q0 number 1 103 106 number
Q1 length 10 1 0.1 [mm1]
Q2 surface 600 6,000 60,000 [mm2]
Q3 volume 103 103 103 [mm3]

Equivalent Diameter

  1. Sphere: Diameter independant from site of view - 1 mm real size
  2. Stick: Particle can pass mesh lengthwise - particle is longer than 1 mm equivalent diameter.
  3. Coin: Has also equivalent diameter of 1 mm, but can be up to 1.3 mm in real. 

Grain size analysis

The formal size of individual particles in a mixture is referred to as the “grain size”, and grain size analysis is used to determine this size. The subsequent size distribution of the particles has a significant influence on the properties of a material, both scientifically and technically.

Due to numerous differentiations and even different methods of determination, grain size analysis is considered an independent discipline of granulometry.

Methods of grain size analysis

Although there are different methods for analyzing and determining grain sizes, the equivalent diameter is always determined in all variants. Which method is ultimately used depends heavily on the question, possible regulations and the grain size range itself.

Larger particles, from a size of about 40 mm, are usually measured by hand or on the basis of photos, while sieving is often used for the particle size analysis of very small particles, down to a size of 10 µm. For sieving, sieves of different sizes are first stacked on top of each other and clamped in a sieving machine. The sample is then placed in the top sieve (with the largest hole size) and subjected to a defined sieving motion for a certain period of time to ensure precise sieving.

The particles of the sample are separated according to their size on the sieves. After that, the percentage of the individual fractions remaining on the sieves with different hole sizes is determined. The percentage mass fractions of the individual fractions are referred to as p3. The cumulative distribution curve Q3 provides information about the added masses of the individual fractions. It is common to provide information about the size of the sample smaller than 90%, 50% and 10%.

Optical particle characterization

The particle size analysis can also be carried out using optical measurement technology. Depending on the measurement variant, statements can also be made about the particle shape. The measuring range is between 0.3 nm and 30 mm, depending on the system. The particle characterization can be carried out in suspensions, emulsions, colloidal systems, powders, granules and bulk materials.

Our sister company MICROTRAC is a technology leader, with an extensive global network and an unrivaled offering in particle characterization.

ZEEFANALYSE VOOR KWALITEITSCONTROLE

We kennen allemaal de term 'kwaliteit'. Het wordt veel gebruikt om een product van bijzonder hoge waarde te beschrijven. De exacte definitie van kwaliteit is echter als volgt: kwaliteit is de overeenstemming van gedefinieerde eigenschappen met de gedetecteerde eigenschappen van een product zoals bepaald door het uitvoeren van tests. Een product kan als hoogwaardig worden omschreven als een testmeting vaststelt dat de gewenste eigenschappen binnen een bepaalde tolerantie liggen. Als de gemeten waarden te veel afwijken, is de kwaliteit lager. Veel materialen, natuurlijk of kunstmatig, komen in verspreide vorm voor (materiaal dat geen consistente eenheid vormt maar is verdeeld in elementen die van elkaar kunnen worden gescheiden, bijvoorbeeld een hoop zand). De deeltjesgrootte en hun verdeling binnen een materiaalhoeveelheid - dat wil zeggen de fracties van deeltjes van verschillende grootte - hebben een cruciale invloed op fysische en chemische eigenschappen.

Enkele voorbeelden van eigenschappen die beïnvloed kunnen worden door de Deeltjesgrootte Verdeling:

  • de sterkte van beton
  • De smaak van chocolade
  • de oplossende eigenschappen van tabletten
  • de gietbaarheid en oplosbaarheid van waspoeders
  • de oppervlakteactiviteit van filtermaterialen ;

Deze voorbeelden laten duidelijk zien hoe belangrijk het is om de Deeltjesgrootte Verdeling te kennen, met name in het kader van de kwaliteitsborging van bulkgoederen voor productieprocessen. Als de Deeltjesgrootte Verdeling tijdens het productieproces verandert, zal ook de kwaliteit van het product veranderen.

 

RETSCH Sieve Shakers for Reproducible Results

RETSCH sieve shakers cover a comprehensive measurement and application range for your requirements. Different sieving movements and sieve sizes enable you to use the appropriate RETSCH sieve shaker for every material that can be sieved. This ensures you always obtain exact and reproducible results – naturally in accordance with test equipment monitoring (DIN EN ISO 9001ff).

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